Possíveis aplicações dos probióticos e simbióticos na modulação da fisiopatologia da obesidade e seus desfechos: Uma revisão narrativa
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Em 2030, 1,12 milhões de pessoas no mundo serão obesas, gerando sérias preocupações de saúde global. A obesidade não se limita a questões estéticas, e está intrinsecamente ligada a distúrbios metabólicos. Embora intervenções farmacológicas, dietéticas, de estilo de vida e educacionais tenham se mostrado eficazes na prevenção e tratamento da obesidade, há uma necessidade crescente de identificar alternativas de baixo custo e risco que possam ser adotadas sem efeitos colaterais prejudiciais. Nesse contexto, a modulação da microbiota intestinal emerge como uma área promissora. A microbiota intestinal desempenha um papel crucial em sistemas como o cardiovascular, imunológico, endócrino, inflamatório, metabolismo e regulação genética. Nos últimos anos, tem havido um aumento nas evidências de que o desequilíbrio da microbiota intestinal está relacionado à obesidade. Assim, essa revisão examina como os probióticos e simbióticos podem ajudar a tratar e prevenir a obesidade, destacando possíveis mecanismos entre o binômio microbiota-hospedeiro e seus efeitos na saúde de pessoas com obesidade ou risco de desenvolvê-la. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados: Pubmed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect e SciELO. Os resultados permitiram estabelecer um panorama dos usos terapêuticos dos probióticos e simbióticos em indivíduos obesos com ou sem outras patologias, assim como estabelecer hipóteses e correlações entre as alterações da microbiota e modulação obesogênica nos indivíduos. Pode-se concluir que tais intervenções são promissoras e capazes de modular de maneira local e sistêmica o metabolismo, parâmetros bioquímicos e composição corporal alterados pela obesidade e podem ser uma intervenção complementar alternativa de baixo custo e risco para essa patologia.
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