Risk and protective factors for mental health in adolescence in small towns
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Abstract
The topic of protection and risk for mental health in adolescence has gained increasing relevance. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) points out that one in five adolescents in the world suffers from problems related to mental health. Considering the social determination of Health, it is understood that characteristics of the place where a person lives, such as the size of the city, can contribute as a risk or protective factor associated with mental health. Therefore, this review aims to identify risk and protective factors for mental health in adolescence in small towns, which are the majority in Brazil. The results were synthesized through an integrative review. The research was carried out in July 2020 in the databases Pubmed / MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, LILACS, BDENF, IndexPsi, and SciELO. Of the 283 studies found, 20
were selected to compose the present literature review. The identified risk and protective factors were categorized as anthropometric, sociodemographic, family and school elements, interpersonal, individual and behavioral, which were then grouped into domains called biological, social and psychological. It is extremely important to know the risk and protective factors for mental health in a specific location and public, in order to plan and execute actions to promote health and to protect against diseases, especially in the field of public health.
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