Disfunção temporomandibular em adolescentes e sua relação com hábitos parafuncionais
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Abstract
Disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) é um termo que engloba uma série de problemas que afetam a articulação temporomandibular (ATM) e/ou os músculos da mastigação e estruturas associadas. A DTM pode manifestar-se na forma de dor na face e/ou região das ATM, comprometendo significativamente a qualidade de vida do seu portador. Fundamentada na teoria multifatorial da DTM, a literatura evidencia como fatores causais: trauma, hábitos parafuncionais, fatores estruturais, psicológicos e posturais. Embora a DTM possa afetar pacientes de todas as faixas etárias e de ambos os gêneros, seu mecanismo de ação e sua evolução são pouco explorados na fase da adolescência. Assim, este trabalho se propõe a realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a DTM e sua relação com hábitos parafuncionais em pacientes adolescentes, abrangendo os sinais e sintomas mais prevalentes e o gênero mais atingido por essas disfunções. Foram revisados 67 artigos científicos e livros, utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, LILACs, MEDLINE, ScieELO e Google Acadêmico e as palavras-chave Síndrome da Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular; Hábitos e Adolescente; e seus respectivos termos em inglês. De acordo com os artigos revisados, pôde-se concluir que a DTM possui elevada prevalência na população jovem, principalmente no gênero feminino, embora sua fisiopatologia nessa faixa etária ainda seja pouco estudada. Além disso, hábitos parafuncionais, fatores estruturais, psicológicos e posturais podem aumentar a probabilidade de desenvolver sinais e sintomas de DTM.
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