EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF INNOVATIVE SUNSCREEN (E) -4- (TERT-BUTYL) -N '- ((E) -3- (4-METHOXYPHENYL) ALLYLIDENE) BENZIDRAZIDA (TBMAB)
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The constant or repeated unprotected exposure to solar radiation can result in the onset of various harmful effects, such as inflammation, genetic mutation and hyperpigmentation, even than previous photoaging. The use of photoprotective formulations is one of the most effective tools to avoid this. However, most of the UV filters are unstable to UV radiation, can even permeate the skin and cause hepatotoxic effects. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a innovative sunscreen substance (E) -4- (tert-butyl) -N '- ((E) -3- (4-methoxyphenyl) allylidene) benzhydrazide. Methodology: The sunscreen formulation containing the innovative substance was subjected to various stress conditions: 45±2° C, 5±2° C and exposure to sunlight. These samples were evaluated in relation to its rheology, pH, viscosity, density and SPF to determine its stability. The assessment of TBMAB release from the formulation was performed in Microette equipment. Hepatoma cells (HepG2) were used to determine the TBMAB cytotoxicity. Results and Discussion: In the stability study, no significant changes were observed in the formulation. The maximum concentration of TBMAB released from the formulation was 3.63 µg.cm-2. Also, it was evident the cytotoxic effect on the concentrations well above 3.63 µg.cm-2,displaying the safety of this substance, considering HepG2 cells. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that TBMAB is a suitable innovative substance to be used in suscreens, exhibiting stability, desired SPF value and safety, considering HepG2 cells. Thus, it could be a new alternative to prevent skin cancer.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
• The author (s) warrant that the contribution is original and unpublished and that it is not in the process of being evaluated in other journal (s);
• The journal is not responsible for the opinions, ideas and concepts issued in the texts, as they are the sole responsibility of the author (s);
• Publishers have the right to make textual adjustments and to adapt the article to the rules of publication.
Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows the sharing of work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are authorized to take additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg publish in institutional repository or as book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (eg in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can generate productive changes as well as increase the impact and citation of the published work (See The Effect of Free Access) at http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html
References
Rass, K., Reichrath, J. UV damage and DNA repair in malignant melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 624, 162–78 (2008).
Reis Junior, M.A., Reis, J.D.S., Oliveira, J.A.D., Corrêa, M.A. molecular targets of new drugs for prevention skin. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 5(7), 1574–85, (2016).
Siegel, R., Miller, K., Jemal, A. Cancer statistics , 2015 . CA Cancer J Clin 65(1), 29 (2015).
Armstrong, B.K., Kricker, A. The epidemiology of UV induced skin cancer. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol. 63(1), 8–18 (2001).
Berneburg, M., Plettenberg, H., Krutmann, J. Photoaging of human skin. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 16(6), 239–44 (2000).
Boukamp, P. Skin Cancer (Non-Melanoma). Hum Cell Cult. 1, 251–257 (1999).
Gruijl, F.R. Skin cancer and solar UV radiation. Eur J Cancer. 35(14), 2003–9 (1999).
Dennis, L.K., Freeman, L.E.B., VanBeek, M.J. Sunscreen Use and the Risk for Melanoma: A Quantitative Review. A of Internal Medicine. 139, 966–978, (2003).
Gordon, R. Skin cancer: An overview of epidemiology and risk factors. Semin Oncol Nurs. 29(3), 160–9 (2013).
Soehnge, H., Ouhtit, A., Ananthaswamy, O.N. Mechanisms of induction of skin cancer by UV radiation. Front Biosci 2(1), 538-51 (1997).
Wright, T.I., Spencer, J.M., Flowers, F.P. Chemoprevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 54, 933–46 (2006).
Reis, J.S., Corrêa, M.A., Chung, M.C., Dos Santos, J.L. Synthesis, antioxidant and photoprotection activities of hybrid derivatives useful to prevent skin cancer. Bioorganic Med Chem. Elsevier Ltd 22(9), 2733–8 (2014).
Isaac, V.L.B., Cefali, L.C., Chiari, B.G., Oliveira, C.C.L.G., Salgado, H.R.N., Corrêa, M.A. Protocolo para ensaios físico-químicos de estabilidade de fitocosméticos. Rev Ciencias Farm Basica e Apl. 29(1), 81–96 (2008).
Dutra, E.A., Almança, D., Kedor, E.R.M., Inês, M., Miritello, R. Determination of sun protection factor ( SPF ) of sunscreens by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Brazilian J Pharm Sci. 40(3), 381–5 (2004).
Gallegos, C., Franco, J.M. Rheology of food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Vol. 4, Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science. 288–93 (1999).
Franz, T.J. Percutaneous Absorption. On the Relevance of in Vitro Data. J Invest Dermatol 64(3), 190–5 (1975).
Lehman, P.A., Raney, S.G., Franz, T.J. Percutaneous absorption in man: In vitro-in vivo correlation. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 24(4), 224–30 (2011).
ANVISA. Guía para validação de métodos analíticos e bioanalíticos. Resolução RE n 899, 29 maio 2003 Available from <http://redsang.ial.sp.gov.br/site/docs_leis/vm/vm1.pdf>
Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods. 65(1), 55–63 (1983).
Abe, K., Matsuki, N. Measurement of cellular 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction activity and lactate dehydrogenase release using MTT. Neurosci Res. 38(4), 325–9 (2000).
Sthle, L., Wold, S. Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. 6, 259–72 (1989).
Springsteen, A., Yurek, R., Frazier, M., Carr, K.F. In vitro measurement of sun protection factor of sunscreens by diffuse transmittance. Analytica Chimica Acta. 155–64, (1999).
ANVISA. Guia para a Realização de Estudos de Estabilidade. Available from: <http://200.189.113.52/ftp/Visa/GuiaRealizEstudos.pdf>
Corrêa, M.A. Cosmetologia: ciência e técnica. Livraria e Editora Medfarma. 282–4, (2012).
Alves, M.M. A química e a reologia no processamento dos alimentos. Ciência e Técnica 37–61, (2004).
Barry, B.W., Warburton, B. Some rheological aspects of cosmetics. J Soc Cosmet Chem 19(11), 725–44 (1968).
Shehata AB, Rizk MS, Rend EA. Certification of caffeine reference material purity by ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection as two independent analytical methods. J Food Drug Anal. 2016 Oct;24(4):703-715.
Leone, Beatriz Alves. "Determinação da seletividade no sinergismo entre filtros solares sintéticos e óleo de café verde." Tese (mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas) – Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Araraquara. (2018).