Analyzing REDD+ initiatives financed by market and public funds
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Abstract
The article aims to understand how REDD is shaped in Brazil analysing similarities and distinctions of REDD+ initiatives in two different financing modalities: public fund and voluntary carbon market. The analysis of different financing modalities is justified by promoting a better understanding of the structures (private and public) adopted in the design and execution of environmental economic instruments. In the Brazilian context, is also highlighted the National Strategy for REDD+ (ENREDD+), a document that formalizes the strategies adopted by the federal government for REDD+. Data was consulted in public access databases, 129 REDD+ projects were identified and, applying the criteria status and location, 44 projects were selected. The analysis of the selected projects characteristics was based on eleven variables, based on the REDD+ literature - grouped into the categories 'project description', 'actors' and 'goals'. A small number of voluntary market projects were identified in comparison to publicly funded projects. Regarding the similarities, we can highlight the category project description - status, since few or no projects reached the period scheduled for completion of activities. In both modalities, little is demonstrated about the effective involvement of the actors, especially when it comes to local communities, an extremely relevant aspect in REDD+ discussions. Regarding the distinctions, public funds projects have greater territorial coverage (project description) and greater diversity of proponents (actors involved). Private fund projects demonstrates non-effective compliance with aspects related to Monitoring, Reporting and Verification and the delivery of co-benefits (objectives).
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