Tratamentos naturais para controle da ansiedade: revisão crítica de ensaios clínicos randomizados e quase randomizados
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Objetivo: Evaluar tratamientos naturales incorporados a la medicina complementaria, alternativa e integrativa para el control de los trastornos de ansiedad (TA) a través de una revisión crítica de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y cuasialeatorizados. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron cinco bases de datos electrónicas según los criterios de elegibilidad. Luego de eliminar duplicados y leer títulos y resúmenes, los datos fueron tabulados en Excel® 2016 y VantagePoint™. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables tipo de tratamiento, grupo de edad, presentación del fármaco, producto natural, eficacia y efectos adversos, revista y su factor de impacto, número de citas en las bases de datos Scopus y Google Scholar. Resultados: Treinta estudios fueron incluidos. El estudio más citado tiene 337 citas en Google Scholar y 192 en Scopus. De los tratamientos, 28 (93,33%) fueron fitoterápicos, uno (3,33%) homeopático y uno (3,33%) remedios florales. Quince estudios se realizaron en adultos, 14 en adultos y ancianos y uno en adolescentes. Cápsula (n=18), pastilla (n=6) y solución (n=1) fueron las presentaciones de los medicamentos, con efecto positivo clínicamente probado (n=25; 83%). Se han informado náuseas, mareos, dolores de cabeza y somnolencia. Piper methysticum, Matricaria recutita, Ginkgo biloba, Passiflora incarnata, Withania somnifera y Centella asiatica fueron los productos naturales estudiados. Conclusión: Los tratamientos naturales incorporados a la medicina complementaria, alternativa e integrativa para el control de la de han sido publicados en los últimos 24 años, especialmente en países desarrollados y en revistas con variado factor de impacto. La fitoterapia es el tipo de tratamiento más utilizado para la disfunción eréctil y sus efectos positivos han sido clínicamente probados.
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