Sorção de antimicrobianos veterinários em um solo argiloso brasileiro e em turfa
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Abstract
O destino de antimicrobianos veterinários (AVs) no ambiente é um assunto preocupante devido aos sistemas intensivo de produção de aves e bovinos. Antimicrobianos são amplamente utilizados na medicina veterinária, podendo contaminar o meio ambiente por meio de lançamento no solo e sofrer transformações, transporte e retenção. A retenção pode ser estimada pelo coeficiente de partição entre o solo e a solução do solo (Kd), sendo determinada por ensaios de sorção. Este estudo apresenta a validação de método por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por fluorescência (Flu) e ultravioleta (UV) (HPLC-Flu-UV) de oito AVs, ciprofloxacina, enrofloxacina, norfloxacina (fluoroquinolonas), amoxicillina (β-lactâmico), tilosina (macrolídeo), lincomicina (lincosamida), sulfadiazina (sulfonamida) e trimetoprima (pirimidina) para determinar e comparar os valores de Kd em um típico solo brasileiro argiloso e em turfa, rica em matéria orgânica e alto valor de capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC). As isotermas de Freundlich e Langmuir foram testadas e o modelo melhor ajustado foi o de Freundlich, com valores de coeficiente de sorção variando de 0,008 a 3,921 μg1−1/n(cm3)1/ng−1 para o solo (0,81% carbono orgânico, 29,6 mmolc kg-1, pH 4,8) e de 1,046 a 9,708 μg1−1/n(cm3)1/ng−1 para a turfa (24,52% carbono orgânico, 192,1 mmolc kg-1 CTC, pH 3,6). A alta solubilidade em água pode explicar a baixa influência da matéria orgânica ou da CTC na retenção dos AVs ENR e NOR em turfa. Os resultados ressaltam a importância dos estudos de sorção dos AVs em turfa, uma matriz pouco estudada e que pode influenciar no destino dos AVs no ambiente.
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